{"id":11855,"date":"2025-08-05T13:50:36","date_gmt":"2025-08-05T11:50:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cidladev.mh370.cz\/senza-categoria\/radon-ve-vnitrnim-prostredi\/"},"modified":"2026-03-06T20:54:56","modified_gmt":"2026-03-06T19:54:56","slug":"radon-ve-vnitrnim-prostredi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cidladev.mh370.cz\/it\/non-classificato\/radon-ve-vnitrnim-prostredi\/","title":{"rendered":"Radon nell’ambiente interno"},"content":{"rendered":"

Radon ve vnit\u0159n\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\n
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Co je radon a jak\u00e1 rizika s sebou p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed?<\/b><\/p>\n

Je to bezbarv\u00fd, radioaktivn\u00ed plyn, kter\u00fd vznik\u00e1 p\u0159irozen\u00fdm rozpadem uranu a thoria \u2013 radioaktivn\u00edch prvk\u016f b\u011b\u017en\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00edch v hornin\u00e1ch a p\u016fd\u00e1ch. Uran se hojn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad jako palivo pro jadern\u00e9 reaktory.<\/p>\n

Tento plyn je zcela bez chuti a z\u00e1pachu a uvol\u0148uje se ze zemsk\u00e9ho podlo\u017e\u00ed. D\u00edky sv\u00e9 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hustot\u011b ne\u017e vzduch m\u00e1 tendenci hromadit se p\u0159i zemi a snadno pronik\u00e1 do vnit\u0159n\u00edch prostor budov skrze net\u011bsnosti v jejich konstrukci.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u010cesk\u00e1 republika: Zem\u011b s jedn\u00edm z nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdskyt\u016f radonu na sv\u011bt\u011b<\/b><\/h4>\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 republika pat\u0159\u00ed mezi oblasti s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed<\/b> radonu na sv\u011bt\u011b. To je zp\u016fsobeno geologick\u00fdm slo\u017een\u00edm podlo\u017e\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed uranov\u00fdch rud, granit\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch hornin bohat\u00fdch na radioaktivn\u00ed prvky.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto zde plat\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 normy a pravideln\u00e9 kontroly vnit\u0159n\u00edch prostor budov, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed za c\u00edl minimalizovat rizika spojen\u00e1 s expozic\u00ed tomuto nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9mu plynu. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed koncentrace radonu se vyskytuj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad v oblastech \u010ceskomoravsk\u00e9 vrchoviny, Kru\u0161n\u00fdch hor nebo Jizersk\u00fdch hor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Pro\u010d je radon nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd?<\/b><\/h4>\n

Radon je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za velmi z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd karcinogen a dlouhodob\u00fd pobyt v prost\u0159ed\u00ed s jeho zv\u00fd\u0161enou koncentrac\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 dopady na lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed. Samotn\u00fd radon v\u0161ak nen\u00ed hlavn\u00edm nebezpe\u010d\u00edm <\/b>\u2013 probl\u00e9mem jsou produkty jeho rozpadu, tzv. radonov\u00e9 dcery. Tyto radioaktivn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice se mohou v\u00e1zat na prach a b\u00fdt vdechov\u00e1ny do plic, kde n\u00e1sledn\u011b oz\u00e1\u0159\u00ed plicn\u00ed tk\u00e1\u0148. Kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e1 expozice v\u0161ak p\u0159edstavuje jen zanedbateln\u00e9 riziko.<\/p>\n

Jak se radon dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do budov?\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/h4>\n

Radon se p\u0159irozen\u011b vyskytuje v podlo\u017e\u00ed a spodn\u00ed vod\u011b. Do vnit\u0159n\u00edch prostor m\u016f\u017ee pronikat nap\u0159\u00edklad: \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

– skrze praskliny v z\u00e1kladech a podlah\u00e1ch, \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

– p\u0159es sklepy, \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

– potrub\u00ed a odpadn\u00ed syst\u00e9my, \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

– vodovodn\u00ed kohoutky a sprchy (zejm\u00e9na pokud pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te vodu ze studny), \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

– dal\u0161\u00ed net\u011bsnosti v konstrukci budovy.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Jak se radon m\u011b\u0159\u00ed a v jak\u00fdch jednotk\u00e1ch?<\/b><\/h4>\n

Radon se m\u011b\u0159\u00ed v jednotk\u00e1ch Becquerel (Bq), pojmenovan\u00fdch po francouzsk\u00e9m fyzikovi Henrim Becquerelovi, kter\u00fd objevil p\u0159irozenou radioaktivitu. Jednotka Bq vyjad\u0159uje jeden radioaktivn\u00ed rozpad za sekundu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed radonov\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee ve vnit\u0159n\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jednotka Bq\/m\u00b3 (Becquerel na metr krychlov\u00fd). Nap\u0159\u00edklad 1 Bq\/m\u00b3 znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v objemu jednoho metru krychlov\u00e9ho doch\u00e1z\u00ed ka\u017edou sekundu k jednomu radioaktivn\u00edmu rozpadu. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed radonu lze prov\u00e1d\u011bt dv\u011bma zp\u016fsoby: \u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/h4>\n
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  1. Kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed: Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se detektory s okam\u017eit\u00fdm ode\u010dtem, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed rychl\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky. \u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    2. Dlouhodob\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed: Pasivn\u00ed detektory, kter\u00e9 zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brnou koncentraci radonu za del\u0161\u00ed obdob\u00ed (obvykle 1\u201312 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f).<\/p>\n

    Limity radonu ve vnit\u0159n\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed v \u010cR<\/b><\/b><\/h4>\n

    Podle vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky St\u00e1tn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu pro jadernou bezpe\u010dnost \u010d. 184\/1997 Sb. plat\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed limity: \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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    1. St\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed budovy:<\/b> Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 hodnota objemov\u00e9 aktivity radonu by nem\u011bla p\u0159ekro\u010dit
      \n400 Bq\/m\u00b3. Pokud je tento limit p\u0159ekro\u010den, doporu\u010duje se prov\u00e9st opat\u0159en\u00ed ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed koncentrace. \u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      2. Nov\u00e9 budovy:<\/b> U novostaveb je stanoven p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed limit 200 Bq\/m\u00b3. P\u0159i v\u00fdstavb\u011b je proto nutn\u00e9 zav\u00e9st preventivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed proti pronik\u00e1n\u00ed radonu. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      Tyto limity jsou v souladu s doporu\u010den\u00edmi Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed agentury pro atomovou energii (IAEA) a Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace (WHO). \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      *Zaj\u00edmavost: Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 hodnota radonu v bytech na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR \u010din\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 120 Bq\/m\u00b3. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      Mapa radonov\u00e9ho rizika<\/b><\/b><\/h4>\n

      Oblasti s vysok\u00fdm v\u00fdskytem radonu jsou dnes dob\u0159e zmapovan\u00e9. Na map\u00e1ch radonov\u00e9ho rizika \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, kter\u00e9 jsou dostupn\u00e9 nap\u0159\u00edklad na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch St\u00e1tn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu pro jadernou bezpe\u010dnost (S\u00daJB) nebo \u010cesk\u00e9ho geologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu, lze snadno zjistit, zda se v\u00e1\u0161 domov nach\u00e1z\u00ed v z\u00f3n\u011b s n\u00edzk\u00fdm, st\u0159edn\u00edm nebo vysok\u00fdm rizikem.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      Jednu takovou mapu najdete t\u0159eba zde: http:\/\/www.geologicke-mapy.cz\/radon\/<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      Jak sn\u00ed\u017eit koncentraci radonu v interi\u00e9ru?<\/b><\/b><\/h4>\n

      Kl\u00ed\u010dem k bezpe\u010dn\u00e9mu prost\u0159ed\u00ed je dostate\u010dn\u00e9 v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed. Ide\u00e1ln\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm je \u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 ventilace na z\u00e1klad\u011b aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch hodnot nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch radonov\u00fdm \u010didlem, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad ADS-RN3. Tento p\u0159\u00edstroj umo\u017e\u0148uje efektivn\u00ed v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed bez zbyte\u010dn\u00fdch ztr\u00e1t energie.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      Dal\u0161\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed zahrnuj\u00ed: \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      – ut\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed prasklin v podlah\u00e1ch a st\u011bn\u00e1ch, \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      – instalaci radonov\u00fdch bari\u00e9r p\u0159i stavb\u011b nov\u00fdch budov, \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      – pou\u017eit\u00ed podtlakov\u00e9ho odv\u011btr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed podlo\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b odv\u00e1d\u00ed radon mimo budovu. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      Praktick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad: Pasivn\u00ed d\u016fm v rizikov\u00e9 oblasti\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

      M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v pasivn\u00edm dom\u011b uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee koncentrace radonu je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edzem\u00ed, kde dosahovala t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1 000 Bq\/m\u00b3, zat\u00edmco v podkrov\u00ed se dr\u017eela okolo limitu 200 Bq\/m\u00b3. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnoty byly nam\u011b\u0159eny ve sklep\u011b \u2013 a\u017e 4 000 Bq\/m\u00b3, co\u017e byl hlavn\u00ed zdroj radonu v obytn\u00fdch m\u00edstnostech. D\u00edky p\u0159irozen\u00e9mu proud\u011bn\u00ed vzduchu b\u00fdvaj\u00ed koncentrace radonu v podkrov\u00ed obvykle ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed. Po zaveden\u00ed odv\u011btr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se hodnoty v cel\u00e9m dom\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eily na bezpe\u010dnou \u00farove\u0148. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

      Radon je neviditeln\u00fd nep\u0159\u00edtel, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 dopady na zdrav\u00ed. D\u00edky modern\u00edm technologi\u00edm, jako jsou radonov\u00e1 \u010didla a \u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 ventilace, v\u0161ak lze jeho koncentraci \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b kontrolovat a minimalizovat rizika pro obyvatele. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bt pravideln\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v oblastech s vysok\u00fdm radonov\u00fdm rizikem, a p\u0159ijmout vhodn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed expozice.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Radon ve vnit\u0159n\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed\u00a0   Pro\u010d je radon nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd? Radon je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za velmi z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd karcinogen a dlouhodob\u00fd pobyt v prost\u0159ed\u00ed s jeho zv\u00fd\u0161enou koncentrac\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 dopady na lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed. Samotn\u00fd radon v\u0161ak nen\u00ed hlavn\u00edm nebezpe\u010d\u00edm \u2013 probl\u00e9mem jsou produkty jeho rozpadu, tzv. radonov\u00e9 dcery. Tyto radioaktivn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice se mohou v\u00e1zat na prach a b\u00fdt vdechov\u00e1ny do plic, kde n\u00e1sledn\u011b oz\u00e1\u0159\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11861,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53,98],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11855","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classificato","category-novita"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cidladev.mh370.cz\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11855","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cidladev.mh370.cz\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cidladev.mh370.cz\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cidladev.mh370.cz\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cidladev.mh370.cz\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11855"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cidladev.mh370.cz\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11855\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13789,"href":"https:\/\/cidladev.mh370.cz\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11855\/revisions\/13789"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cidladev.mh370.cz\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11861"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cidladev.mh370.cz\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cidladev.mh370.cz\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cidladev.mh370.cz\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}